Developing Strong Institutions in Kenya

Developing Strong Institutions in Kenya

To foster sustainable development and effective governance, Kenya must prioritize the development of robust institutions. This involves establishing frameworks and systems that ensure offices, rather than individuals, drive the governance process. By adhering to meritocratic principles, ensuring institutional reliability, and promoting transparency, Kenya can create a governance model that upholds accountability and efficiency.

Importance of Offices Over Individuals

The strength of an institution should not hinge on the charisma or capabilities of the individuals occupying it but on the robust frameworks governing its operations. Offices must be designed with clear mandates, sufficient resources, and accountability mechanisms to function effectively, regardless of who is in charge.

Independent Regulatory Bodies

• Example: In the United States, regulatory bodies like the Federal Reserve operate independently to set monetary policy free from political pressures. Similarly, Kenya’s regulatory bodies, such as the Communications Authority and the Energy Regulatory Commission, must be empowered to enforce laws and regulations without political interference.

Institutional Reliability

Strong institutions ensure continuity and stability, which are vital for long-term development. Reliable institutions can consistently implement government policies and programs, fostering trust among citizens and investors.

Meritocratic Principles

Merit-Based Appointments

Appointments to government positions should be based on merit and expertise. Duties should be assigned to an office rather than a person, with the entire office working collectively towards the set goals.

• Cabinet and Government Parastatals: Cabinet positions and heads of parastatals should be filled by technocrats with extensive experience in relevant fields. For instance, the Ministry of Health should be led by a veteran doctor, and the Ministry of Security by a seasoned police officer or army veteran.
• County Governors: Similar to cabinet secretaries, county governors should be technocrats with expertise in managing the specific needs of their regions.

Performance Evaluation

Each office should have clearly defined goals and objectives, and performance should be evaluated based on the achievement of these goals.

• Example: The Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission (EACC) should set annual targets for investigating and resolving scandals, aiming to solve at least 80% of cases each year.

Accountability and Transparency

Public Expenditure Accountability

All public expenditure should be fully accounted for and reported to the Auditor General and the Budget Controller’s Office. Reports should be made public to ensure transparency.

• Monthly Public Audits: The Auditor General should conduct monthly audits of all public expenditures and revenues. These reports should be publicly available to promote transparency at all levels of government.
• County Audits: Counties should also provide monthly audits to the Auditor General to ensure transparency at the local level.

Devolution and Special Task Forces

In special areas, independent institutions should be established to handle regional issues effectively.

• Special Task Force for Northern Kenya: A task force under the Kenya Defence Forces should be established with a clear mandate to eliminate banditry in Northern Kenya. This task force should be regularly evaluated, and if it fails, it should be held accountable and replaced.
• Water and Sanitation in Slums: An independent institution should be set up to provide clean water in slums. Performance evaluations should determine its effectiveness, and accountability measures should ensure that failures are addressed promptly.

Long-Term Office Holders

Most office workers should be long-term employees to ensure continuity and stability, with only a few positions left for political appointments. Major cabinet positions are often appointed by the president and can serve as rewards to friends and allies.

Performance-Based Evaluation

Office members should be evaluated based on performance. Failure to meet set goals should result in accountability measures, including disbanding and replacing ineffective teams. Periodic progress reports should be mandated.

• Example: Government parastatals should be required to provide periodic press updates on their progress. Public expenditure and performance metrics should be regularly published and scrutinized.

Conclusion

Developing strong institutions in Kenya requires a focus on meritocratic principles, institutional reliability, and transparency. By establishing robust frameworks and ensuring accountability, Kenya can build a governance model that delivers on its mandates, fosters trust, and promotes sustainable development. Examples from developed countries like the U.S., Germany, and Singapore highlight the importance of strong institutions in achieving efficient governance and long-term stability. Additionally, the establishment of independent institutions to handle specific regional issues, alongside performance-based evaluations, will ensure that all government offices work effectively and are held accountable.